Mastoidectomy Surgery
Introduction
Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure designed to remove infected mastoid air cells located in the skull behind the ear. This surgery becomes necessary when an ear infection has spread to the mastoid bone and does not respond to antibiotics. By eliminating the infection, mastoidectomy aims to prevent further complications and preserve hearing.
What is Mastoidectomy?
Mastoidectomy is the surgical removal of diseased mastoid air cells within the mastoid bone, which are parts of the temporal bone of the skull located immediately behind the ear. These air cells may become infected because of chronic infections in the ears, which further leads to conditions like mastoiditis or cholesteatoma. The main purpose of this surgery is to eliminate the infection from there and not let it propagate to other adjacent structures.
Why is Mastoidectomy Required?
Mastoidectomy is usually advised in the following conditions:
- Chronic Ear Infections: Chronic infections that do not respond to medical treatment can cause the accumulation of infected material in the mastoid air cells.
- Cholesteatoma: This abnormal skin growth in the middle ear can erode surrounding bones, including the mastoid, and thus requires surgical removal.
- Complications of Otitis Media: Serious cases of otitis media can also extend into the mastoid bone and need surgery to prevent spread.
Types of Mastoidectomy
Mastoidectomies based on the nature and location of the disease involved:
- Simple, or Closed Mastoidectomy Involves incision of the mastoid to open up for the removal of infected air cells. The ear canal and tympanic membrane will remain intact.
- Radical Mastoidectomy: This procedure involves the removal of mastoid air cells, the eardrum, most middle ear structures, and the ear canal. It is performed for extensive disease.
- Modified Radical Mastoidectomy: A less aggressive version of the radical procedure, it removes the mastoid air cells and some middle ear structures but preserves the eardrum and hearing bones when possible.
Procedure Steps
Surgeons perform mastoidectomy under general anesthesia and typically involve the following steps:
- Incision: Cut behind the ear to expose mastoid bone
- Bone Removal: The doctor would remove the infected cells of the patient’s mastoid air through a drill.
- Cleaning area: The surgeon may appropriately remove the infectious tissue or the cholesteatoma.
- Reconstructive: Surgeons may complete any reconstruction of structures of the ears to retain ear hearing.
The surgical team will close the incision to preserve the area dressed. Mastoidectomy has the following advantages:
Benefits of Mastoidectomy
The primary benefits of undergoing a mastoidectomy include
- Removal of Infection: The removal of infected cells prevents the infection from spreading to other structures.
- Preservation of Hearing: With the treatment of the underlying condition, the procedure can help in the preservation and improvement of hearing.
- Prevention of Complications: Early surgical intervention prevents complications such as brain abscesses or meningitis.
Cost of Mastoidectomy
The mastoidectomy is priced solely at the country where the surgery is to be carried out, the hospital, and the complexity. Here’s an estimate.
| Country | Cost (USD) |
| India | 9,000 – 1,100 |
| USA | 15,000 – 30,000 |
| UK | 10,000 – 20,000 |
| Australia | 12,000 – 25,000 |
Mastoidectomy in India is an inexpensive treatment without compromising quality and is considered the best option for medical tourism.
Top Hospital in India for Mastoidectomy
India has several leading hospitals specializing in ENT surgical procedures, like mastoidectomy. Some of the top hospitals in India include:
- Metro Hospital, Faridabad: Renowned for its advanced ENT department, Metro Hospital offers comprehensive care for patients requiring mastoidectomy. citeturn0search1
- Fortis Hospital, Delhi: Equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and experienced ENT surgeons, Fortis provides excellent care for ear-related surgeries.
- Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi: Known for its skilled medical professionals and modern infrastructure, Max Hospital is a top choice for ENT procedures.
Risks and Complications
While mastoidectomy is generally safe, potential risks include:
There can be a compromise on hearing since the ossicles may be injured during surgery.
- Damage to Facial Nerve: The facial nerve lies close to the surgical site. Accidental damage can result in facial palsy.
- Vertigo: Patients may experience short-term vertigo due to disturbances in the inner ear.
- Tinnitus: In some patients, there may be ringing in the ears after the surgery.
- Surgical Site Infection: The incision area may become infected like any surgical procedure.
Recovery
Recovery from a mastoidectomy includes:
- Hospital Stay: Most patients spend 1 day in the hospital following surgery.
- Activity Restrictions: The patient should not engage in strenuous activities and heavy lifting for a few weeks.
- Ear Care: The ear should be kept dry, and nothing should be inserted into the ear canal.
- Follow-Up: Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor healing and address any concerns.
Patients can usually return to normal activities within a few weeks, but complete healing may take longer. It is important to follow the surgeon’s postoperative instructions to ensure a smooth recovery.
